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Main conclusion Sucrose concentration in phloem sap was several times higher than in the cytosol of mesophyll cells. The results suggest that phloem loading involves active steps in the analyzed tree species.Phloem loading in source leaves is a key step for carbon partitioning and passive symplastic loading has been proposed for several tree species. However, experimental evidence to prove the potential...
Main conclusion The weevil gall contains two distinct regions, differing in hydrolytic and antioxidant enzymes activity and profiles, which is also functionally distinct from the non-infected Cuscuta stems.Weevils of the genus Smicronyx are gall-forming insects, widely distributed on parasitic flowering plants of the genus Cuscuta. Thus, they are considered epiparasites and potential method for biological...
Main conclusion Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its...
Main conclusion The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of starch synthesis and mobilization in perennial woody tissues is of the utmost scientific and agricultural importance.Starch is the main carbohydrate reserve in plants and is fundamental in human nutrition and several industrial processes. In leaves, starch accumulated during the day is degraded throughout the night and the resulting sugars,...
Main conclusion Identification of NnCER2 and NnCER2-LIKE from Nelumbo nucifera, which are required for the very-long-chain fatty acid elongation, provides new evidence that CER2 proteins are evolutionarily conserved across the eudicots.CER2-LIKE family proteins have been described as core components of the fatty acid elongase complex in Arabidopsis, maize, and rice, having specific function in synthesis...
Main conclusion We provide advances in DCL and RDR gene diversity in Solanaceae. We also shed light on DCL and RDR gene expression in response to cold stress.DICER-like (DCL) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) genes form the core components to trigger small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) production. In spite of this, little is known about the two gene families in non-model plant species. As their genome...
Main conclusion Red light is able to compensate for deleterious effects of microgravity on root cell growth and proliferation. Partial gravity combined with red light produces differential signals during the early plant development.Light and gravity are environmental cues used by plants throughout evolution to guide their development. We have investigated the cross-talk between phototropism and gravitropism...
Main conclusion We provide evidence that Aspergillus oryzae not only acts as an endophyte in Raphanus sativus, but also works as a plant growth promoter and provides some protection against its herbivore, Plutella xylostella affecting its feeding rate, mortality and fitness parameters, thereby contributing to the pest population suppression.Seed inoculation of radish seeds with the fungus Aspergillus oryzae...
Main conclusion Present review addresses the advances made in the understanding of biogenesis of plant small RNAs and their role in plant development. We discuss the elaborate role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) in various aspects of plant growth and development and highlight relevance of small RNA mobility.Small non-coding RNAs regulate various aspects of...
Main conclusion Expression of PAP genes is strongly coordinated and represents a highly selective cell-specific marker associated with the development of chloroplasts in photosynthetically active organs of Arabidopsis seedlings and adult plants.Transcription in plastids of plants depends on the activity of phage-type single-subunit nuclear-encoded RNA polymerases (NEP) and a prokaryotic multi-subunit...
Main conclusion Heterografting induced intraclonal epigenetic variations were detected among rubber plants. Interaction between genetically divergent root stock and scion tissues might have triggered these epigenetic changes which may eventually lead to intraclonal variability in rubber.DNA methylation in response to stress may be associated with the alteration in gene transcription leading to morphological...
Main conclusion The histone acetyltransferase GCN5 and associated transcriptional coactivator ADA2b are required to couple endoreduplication and trichome branching. Mutation of ADA2b also disrupts the relationship between ploidy and leaf cell size.Dynamic chromatin structure has been established as a general mechanism by which gene function is temporally and spatially regulated, but specific chromatin...
Main conclusion Application of proper ABA can improve acid tolerance of rice roots by balancing endogenous hormones and promoting nutrient uptake. Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) has an important signaling role in enhancing plant tolerance to environmental stress. To alleviate the inhibition on plant growth and productivity caused by acid rain, it is crucial to clarify the regulating mechanism of ABA...
Main conclusion Desiccation-induced chlorophyll fluorescence quenching seems to be an indispensable part of desiccation resistance in the surveyed 28 green microalgal species.Lichens are desiccation tolerant meta-organisms. In the desiccated state photosynthesis is inhibited rendering the photobionts potentially sensitive to photoinhibition. As a photoprotective mechanism, strong non-radiative dissipation...
Main conclusion The Mg2+ uptake system in Arabidopsis roots is Gd3+- and Fe2+-sensitive, and responds to a changing Mg2+ concentration within 1 h with the participation of AtMRS2 transporters. Abstract Magnesium (Mg2+) absorption and the mechanism regulating its activity have not been clarified yet. To address these issues, it is necessary to reveal the characteristics of Mg2+ uptake in roots. Therefore,...
Main conclusion γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) affected ABA and ethylene metabolic genes and signal components in salt-treated poplar, indicating its potential role in signal pathways of ABA and ethylene during salt stress.GABA is a small signalling molecule that accumulates rapidly in plants exposed to various stresses. However, the relationship between GABA and other signalling molecules, such as hormones,...
Main conclusion Our transient gene expression analyses in Arabidopsis protoplasts support the view that CK2αs and CK2βs positively and negatively modulate ABRE-dependent gene expression, respectively.The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the expression of thousands of genes via ABA-responsive elements (ABREs), and has a crucial role in abiotic stress response. Casein kinase II (CK2), a conserved...
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